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Melanotan II
Also known as: MT-2, MT-II
A synthetic analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone studied for skin pigmentation, but associated with significant safety concerns.
Quick Facts
- Sequence
- Ac-Nle-Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Lys-NH2
- Molecular Weight
- 1024.18 Da
Overview
Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic peptide analogue of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Originally developed at the University of Arizona, it acts as a non-selective agonist at melanocortin receptors. While initial research focused on tanning and sexual dysfunction, it has not received regulatory approval and is associated with notable safety concerns.
It remains one of the most commonly encountered research peptides, making accurate safety information particularly important.
Mechanism of Action
Melanotan II binds to melanocortin receptors (MC1R through MC5R) with varying affinity. MC1R activation stimulates melanogenesis (skin pigmentation). MC3R and MC4R activation affects appetite and sexual function. Its non-selective receptor binding is responsible for both its varied effects and its side effect profile.
Biological Pathways
Research Findings
Clinical studies demonstrated increased skin pigmentation and pro-erectile effects. However, the non-selective receptor binding leads to unpredictable effects. Case reports document nevi changes, potential melanoma concerns, and cardiovascular effects. Several countries have issued specific warnings against its use.
Risks & Safety Concerns
SIGNIFICANT SAFETY CONCERNS: Changes to existing moles/nevi potentially masking melanoma, nausea and facial flushing, cardiovascular effects, potential carcinogenicity concerns, compulsive re-dosing behavior reported, interactions with melanocortin system affecting appetite and mood. Multiple regulatory agencies have issued warnings.
Regulatory & Legal Status
Not approved for human use by any major regulatory agency. Banned for sale in Australia, UK, and several EU countries. Subject to regulatory enforcement actions in multiple jurisdictions. Listed by WADA as prohibited.
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